yii配置详解

应用的配置可能是最复杂的配置之一。因为 yii\web\Application 类拥有很多可配置的属性和事件。更重要的是它的 yii\web\Application::components 属性可以接收配置数组并通过应用注册为组件。

这是 Yii 权威指南中的一句话。由此可见 Yii 的配置之复杂。

Yii 的配置分开来说有两大块，一是 Yii 应用主体的配置，二是 Yii 加载的组件的配置，即 yii\base\Application::components 属性。Yii 应用主体的配置官方介绍很详细，附上链接 应用主体。但是 Yii 加载组件的配置文档中介绍的就很简单了。大家经常不知道有哪些组件，不同组件有哪些配置。今天就是解决这些问题。

首先看一个简单的配置

'components' => [
        'cache' => [
            'class' => 'yii\caching\FileCache',
        ],
        'mailer' => [
            'class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer',
        ],
        'log' => [
            'class' => 'yii\log\Dispatcher',
            'traceLevel' => YII_DEBUG ? 3 : 0,
            'targets' => [
                [
                    'class' => 'yii\log\FileTarget',
                ],
            ],
        ],
       'user' => [
            'identityClass' => 'common\models\User',
            'enableAutoLogin' => true,
            'identityCookie' => ['name' => '_identity-backend', 'httpOnly' => true],
        ],
      'db' => [
            'class' => 'yii\db\Connection',
            'dsn' => 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=stay2',
            'username' => 'root',
            'password' => '',
            'charset' => 'utf8',
        ],
    ],

根据上面可知一个组件的配置格式为

'组建名' => [
            'class' => '组建类的命名空间位置',
            '配置键' => '配置值',
        ],

配置完成后，你就可以通过Yii::$app->componentID来访问注册的插件了。注意的是，配置后程序运行后并没有实例化该类， 只有你访问该组件时（通过Yii::$app->componentID或其他方式），Yii 才会根据组件配置中的class实例化对应的类，然后将配置数组传入该实例，初始化配置信息，返回该实例。

当然你也可以不用这种方式实例化组件。你可以在你的类里，导入组件的命名空间。自己传入配置，然后实例化，这样就不用配置components。当然，前提是你愿意这么麻烦的话。

这里我们以user组件举例说明一下。可是user组件并没有指定class，那它实例化的是什么呢？其实在程序运行期间，Yii 已经配置了核心的组件了。代码如下

@yii\base\application.php 文件

    public function coreComponents()
    {
        return [
            'log' => ['class' => 'yii\log\Dispatcher'],
            'view' => ['class' => 'yii\web\View'],
            'formatter' => ['class' => 'yii\i18n\Formatter'],
            'i18n' => ['class' => 'yii\i18n\I18N'],
            'mailer' => ['class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer'],
            'urlManager' => ['class' => 'yii\web\UrlManager'],
            'assetManager' => ['class' => 'yii\web\AssetManager'],
            'security' => ['class' => 'yii\base\Security'],
        ];
    }

@yii\web\application.php 文件

    public function coreComponents()
    {
        return array_merge(parent::coreComponents(), [
            'request' => ['class' => 'yii\web\Request'],
            'response' => ['class' => 'yii\web\Response'],
            'session' => ['class' => 'yii\web\Session'],
            'user' => ['class' => 'yii\web\User'],
            'errorHandler' => ['class' => 'yii\web\ErrorHandler'],
        ]);
    }

这两个地方定义了我们核心的组件类。包括我们的user组件。打开该文件，贴上代码。

额。。。。700多行，算了，还是贴一部分吧。想看全部的自己去翻自己的源文件吧。

<?php
/**
 * [@link](/member/link) http://www.yiiframework.com/
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2008 Yii Software LLC
 * @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/
 */

namespace yii\web;

use Yii;
use yii\base\Component;
use yii\base\InvalidConfigException;
use yii\base\InvalidValueException;
use yii\rbac\CheckAccessInterface;

/**
 * User is the class for the "user" application component that manages the user authentication status.
 *
 * You may use [[isGuest]] to determine whether the current user is a guest or not.
 * If the user is a guest, the [[identity]] property would return null. Otherwise, it would
 * be an instance of [[IdentityInterface]].
 *
 * You may call various methods to change the user authentication status:
 *
 * - [[login()]]: sets the specified identity and remembers the authentication status in session and cookie.
 * - [[logout()]]: marks the user as a guest and clears the relevant information from session and cookie.
 * - [[setIdentity()]]: changes the user identity without touching session or cookie.
 *   This is best used in stateless RESTful API implementation.
 *
 * Note that User only maintains the user authentication status. It does NOT handle how to authenticate
 * a user. The logic of how to authenticate a user should be done in the class implementing [[IdentityInterface]].
 * You are also required to set [[identityClass]] with the name of this class.
 *
 * User is configured as an application component in [[\yii\web\Application]] by default.
 * You can access that instance via `Yii::$app->user`.
 *
 * You can modify its configuration by adding an array to your application config under `components`
 * as it is shown in the following example:
 *
 * 
 * 'user' => [
 *     'identityClass' => 'app\models\User', // User must implement the IdentityInterface
 *     'enableAutoLogin' => true,
 *     // 'loginUrl' => ['user/login'],
 *     // ...
 * ]
 * 
 *
 * @property string|integer $id The unique identifier for the user. If null, it means the user is a guest.
 * This property is read-only.
 * @property IdentityInterface|null $identity The identity object associated with the currently logged-in
 * user. `null` is returned if the user is not logged in (not authenticated).
 * @property boolean $isGuest Whether the current user is a guest. This property is read-only.
 * @property string $returnUrl The URL that the user should be redirected to after login. Note that the type
 * of this property differs in getter and setter. See [[getReturnUrl()]] and [[setReturnUrl()]] for details.
 *
 * @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
 * @since 2.0
 */
class User extends Component
{
    const EVENT_BEFORE_LOGIN = 'beforeLogin';
    const EVENT_AFTER_LOGIN = 'afterLogin';
    const EVENT_BEFORE_LOGOUT = 'beforeLogout';
    const EVENT_AFTER_LOGOUT = 'afterLogout';

    /**
     * @var string the class name of the [[identity]] object.
     */
    public $identityClass;
    /**
     * @var boolean whether to enable cookie-based login. Defaults to false.
     * Note that this property will be ignored if [[enableSession]] is false.
     */
    public $enableAutoLogin = false;
    /**
     * @var boolean whether to use session to persist authentication status across multiple requests.
     * You set this property to be false if your application is stateless, which is often the case
     * for RESTful APIs.
     */
    public $enableSession = true;
    /**
     * @var string|array the URL for login when [[loginRequired()]] is called.
     * If an array is given, [[UrlManager::createUrl()]] will be called to create the corresponding URL.
     * The first element of the array should be the route to the login action, and the rest of
     * the name-value pairs are GET parameters used to construct the login URL. For example,
     *
     * php
     * ['site/login', 'ref' => 1]
     * 
     *
     * If this property is null, a 403 HTTP exception will be raised when [[loginRequired()]] is called.
     */
    public $loginUrl = ['site/login'];
    /**
     * @var array the configuration of the identity cookie. This property is used only when [[enableAutoLogin]] is true.
     * @see Cookie
     */
    public $identityCookie = ['name' => '_identity', 'httpOnly' => true];
    /**
     * @var integer the number of seconds in which the user will be logged out automatically if he
     * remains inactive. If this property is not set, the user will be logged out after
     * the current session expires (c.f. [[Session::timeout]]).
     * Note that this will not work if [[enableAutoLogin]] is true.
     */
    public $authTimeout;
    /**
     * @var CheckAccessInterface The acess checker to use for checking access.
     * If not set the application auth manager will be used.
     * @since 2.0.9
     */
    public $accessChecker;
    /**
     * @var integer the number of seconds in which the user will be logged out automatically
     * regardless of activity.
     * Note that this will not work if [[enableAutoLogin]] is true.
     */
    public $absoluteAuthTimeout;
    /**
     * @var boolean whether to automatically renew the identity cookie each time a page is requested.
     * This property is effective only when [[enableAutoLogin]] is true.
     * When this is false, the identity cookie will expire after the specified duration since the user
     * is initially logged in. When this is true, the identity cookie will expire after the specified duration
     * since the user visits the site the last time.
     * @see enableAutoLogin
     */
    public $autoRenewCookie = true;
    /**
     * @var string the session variable name used to store the value of [[id]].
     */
    public $idParam = '__id';
    /**
     * @var string the session variable name used to store the value of expiration timestamp of the authenticated state.
     * This is used when [[authTimeout]] is set.
     */
    public $authTimeoutParam = '__expire';
    /**
     * @var string the session variable name used to store the value of absolute expiration timestamp of the authenticated state.
     * This is used when [[absoluteAuthTimeout]] is set.
     */
    public $absoluteAuthTimeoutParam = '__absoluteExpire';
    /**
     * @var string the session variable name used to store the value of [[returnUrl]].
     */
    public $returnUrlParam = '__returnUrl';
    /**
     * @var array MIME types for which this component should redirect to the [[loginUrl]].
     * @since 2.0.8
     */
    public $acceptableRedirectTypes = ['text/html', 'application/xhtml+xml'];

    private $_access = [];


    /**
     * Initializes the application component.
     */
    public function init()
    {
        parent::init();

        if ($this->identityClass === null) {
            throw new InvalidConfigException('User::identityClass must be set.');
        }
        if ($this->enableAutoLogin && !isset($this->identityCookie['name'])) {
            throw new InvalidConfigException('User::identityCookie must contain the "name" element.');
        }
    }

    private $_identity = false;

首先，在该文件前面的注视部分，有基本的使用方法，英语不到位的，自行有道，或百度，也能看的七七八八。

  'user' => [
      'identityClass' => 'app\models\User', // User must implement the IdentityInterface
      'enableAutoLogin' => true,
      // 'loginUrl' => ['user/login'],
      // ...
  ]

其次是该类的属性

    const EVENT_BEFORE_LOGIN = 'beforeLogin';     //定义了四个常量表示事件，可在控制器里定义事件，或导入事件行为
    const EVENT_AFTER_LOGIN = 'afterLogin';
    const EVENT_BEFORE_LOGOUT = 'beforeLogout';
    const EVENT_AFTER_LOGOUT = 'afterLogout';
/**
     * @var string the class name of the [[identity]] object.
     */
    public $identityClass;     //就是继承了`IdentityInterface`的模型类
    /**
     * @var boolean whether to enable cookie-based login. Defaults to false.
     * Note that this property will be ignored if [[enableSession]] is false.
     */
    public $enableAutoLogin = false;  //是否开启自动登录
    /**
     * @var boolean whether to use session to persist authentication status across multiple requests.
     * You set this property to be false if your application is stateless, which is often the case
     * for RESTful APIs.
     */
    public $enableSession = true; //是否使用 Session
    /**
     * @var string|array the URL for login when [[loginRequired()]] is called.
     * If an array is given, [[UrlManager::createUrl()]] will be called to create the corresponding URL.
     * The first element of the array should be the route to the login action, and the rest of
     * the name-value pairs are GET parameters used to construct the login URL. For example,
     *
     * 
     * ['site/login', 'ref' => 1]
     * 
     *
     * If this property is null, a 403 HTTP exception will be raised when [[loginRequired()]] is called.
     */
    public $loginUrl = ['site/login'];  //设置登录 Url
    /**
     * @var array the configuration of the identity cookie. This property is used only when [[enableAutoLogin]] is true.
     * @see Cookie
     */
    public $identityCookie = ['name' => '_identity', 'httpOnly' => true];
    /**
     * @var integer the number of seconds in which the user will be logged out automatically if he
     * remains inactive. If this property is not set, the user will be logged out after
     * the current session expires (c.f. [[Session::timeout]]).
     * Note that this will not work if [[enableAutoLogin]] is true.
     */
    public $authTimeout;
    /**
     * @var CheckAccessInterface The acess checker to use for checking access.
     * If not set the application auth manager will be used.
     * @since 2.0.9
     */
    public $accessChecker;
    /**
     * @var integer the number of seconds in which the user will be logged out automatically
     * regardless of activity.
     * Note that this will not work if [[enableAutoLogin]] is true.
     */
    public $absoluteAuthTimeout;
    /**
     * @var boolean whether to automatically renew the identity cookie each time a page is requested.
     * This property is effective only when [[enableAutoLogin]] is true.
     * When this is false, the identity cookie will expire after the specified duration since the user
     * is initially logged in. When this is true, the identity cookie will expire after the specified duration
     * since the user visits the site the last time.
     * @see enableAutoLogin
     */
    public $autoRenewCookie = true;
    /**
     * @var string the session variable name used to store the value of [[id]].
     */
    public $idParam = '__id';
    /**
     * @var string the session variable name used to store the value of expiration timestamp of the authenticated state.
     * This is used when [[authTimeout]] is set.
     */
    public $authTimeoutParam = '__expire';
    /**
     * @var string the session variable name used to store the value of absolute expiration timestamp of the authenticated state.
     * This is used when [[absoluteAuthTimeout]] is set.
     */
    public $absoluteAuthTimeoutParam = '__absoluteExpire';
    /**
     * @var string the session variable name used to store the value of [[returnUrl]].
     */
    public $returnUrlParam = '__returnUrl';
    /**
     * @var array MIME types for which this component should redirect to the [[loginUrl]].
     * @since 2.0.8
     */
    public $acceptableRedirectTypes = ['text/html', 'application/xhtml+xml'];

    private $_access = [];

注释中文写了一部分，其他自定翻译吧，我真的不是懒，是太懒。。。

看到这里大家应该明白一些了，组件的配置就是大部分就是该类的属性（有小部分不是），用我们在components组件里的配置覆盖了该组件类默认的配置。 。 其他组件的配置，打开该组件对应的类文件，查看属性，看懂了自然好，不懂的有道吧，还不懂的到 yiichina 提问交流吧。

多说几句：

• 访问组件中的方法。Yii::$app->componentID->functionID.
• 可定义两个相同类不同用途的组件。比如两个数据库组件，两个用户组件，一个前台，一个后台。

附上组件对应表，应该有遗漏，欢迎大神在评论去补充

           'log' => ['class' => 'yii\log\Dispatcher'],
            'view' => ['class' => 'yii\web\View'],
            'formatter' => ['class' => 'yii\i18n\Formatter'],
            'i18n' => ['class' => 'yii\i18n\I18N'],
            'mailer' => ['class' => 'yii\swiftmailer\Mailer'],
            'urlManager' => ['class' => 'yii\web\UrlManager'],
            'assetManager' => ['class' => 'yii\web\AssetManager'],
            'security' => ['class' => 'yii\base\Security'],
             'request' => ['class' => 'yii\web\Request'],
            'response' => ['class' => 'yii\web\Response'],
            'session' => ['class' => 'yii\web\Session'],
            'user' => ['class' => 'yii\web\User'],
            'errorHandler' => ['class' => 'yii\web\ErrorHandler'],
            'db' =>  'class' => 'yii\db\Connection',
            'cache' =>  'class' => 'yii\caching\ApcCache',

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